28 - Manufacture of machinery and equipment n.e.c.

This Chapter has been extracted from the ONS Explanatory Notes and provides a more detailed explanation of possible activities that could fall within the SIC Codes related to the Chapter.

This division includes the manufacture of machinery and equipment that acts independently on materials either mechanically or thermally or performs operations on materials (such as handling, spraying, weighing or packing), It includes their mechanical components which produce and apply force, and any specially manufactured primary parts. This includes the manufacture of fixed and mobile or hand-held devices, regardless of whether they are designed for industrial, building and civil engineering, agricultural or home use. The manufacture of special equipment for passenger or freight transport within demarcated premises also belongs within this division.

This division distinguishes between the manufacture of special-purpose machinery, i.e. machinery for
exclusive use in a specific industry or a small cluster of specific industries, and general-purpose machinery, i.e. machinery that is being used in a wide range of industries.

This division also includes the manufacture of other special purpose machinery, not covered elsewhere in the classification, whether or not used in a manufacturing process, such as fairground amusement equipment, automatic bowling alley equipment, etc.

This division excludes the manufacture of metal products for general use (division 25), associated control devices, computer equipment, measurement and testing equipment, electricity distribution and control apparatus (divisions 26 and 27) and general-purpose motor vehicles (divisions 29 and 30).

28.1 Manufacture of general purpose machinery

28.11 Manufacture of engines and turbines, except aircraft, vehicle and cycle engines

This class includes:
- manufacture of internal combustion piston engines, except motor vehicle, aircraft and cycle propulsion engines:
• marine engines
• railway engines
- manufacture of pistons, piston rings, carburettors and such for all internal combustion engines, diesel engines etc.
- manufacture of inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines
- manufacture of turbines and parts thereof:
• steam turbines and other vapour turbines
• hydraulic turbines, waterwheels and regulators thereof
• wind turbines
• gas turbines, except turbojets or turbo propellers for aircraft propulsion
- manufacture of boiler-turbine sets
- manufacture of turbine-generator sets
- manufacture of engines for industrial application

This class excludes:
- manufacture of electric generators (except turbine generator sets), see 27.11
- manufacture of prime mover generator sets (except turbine generator sets), see 27.11
- manufacture of electrical equipment and components of internal combustion engines, see 29.31
- manufacture of motor vehicle, aircraft or cycle propulsion engines, see 29.10, 30.30, 30.91
- manufacture of turbojets and turbo propellers, see 30.30

28.12 Manufacture of fluid power equipment

This class includes:
- manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic components (including hydraulic pumps, hydraulic motors,
hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic and pneumatic valves, hydraulic and pneumatic hoses and fittings)
- manufacture of air preparation equipment for use in pneumatic systems
- manufacture of fluid power systems
- manufacture of hydraulic transmission equipment
- manufacture of hydrostatic transmissions

This class excludes:
- manufacture of compressors, see 28.13
- manufacture of pumps for non-hydraulic applications, see 28.13
- manufacture of valves for non-fluid power applications, see 28.14
- manufacture of mechanical transmission equipment, see 28.15

28.13 Manufacture of other pumps and compressors

28.13/1 Manufacture of pumps


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of air or vacuum pumps
- manufacture of pumps for liquids whether or not fitted with a measuring device
- manufacture of pumps designed for fitting to internal combustion engines: oil, water and fuel pumps for motor vehicles etc.
This class also includes:
- manufacture of hand pumps

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment, see 28.12

28.13/2 Manufacture of compressors


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of air or other gas compressors

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic equipment, see 28.12

28.14 Manufacture of other taps and valves  

This class includes:
manufacture of industrial taps and valves, including regulating valves and intake taps
- manufacture of sanitary taps and valves
- manufacture of heating taps and valves

This class excludes:
- manufacture of valves of unhardened vulcanised rubber, glass or of ceramic materials, see 22.19, 23.19
or 23.44
- manufacture of inlet and exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, see 28.11
- manufacture of hydraulic and pneumatic valves and air preparation equipment for use in pneumatic
systems, see 28.12

28.15 Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements

This class includes:
- manufacture of ball and roller bearings and parts thereof
- manufacture of mechanical power transmission equipment:
• transmission shafts and cranks: camshafts, crankshafts, cranks etc.
• bearing housings and plain shaft bearings
- manufacture of gears, gearing and gear boxes and other speed changers
- manufacture of clutches and shaft couplings
- manufacture of flywheels and pulleys
- manufacture of articulated link chain
- manufacture of power transmission chain

This class excludes:
- manufacture of other chain, see 25.93
- manufacture of hydraulic transmission equipment, see 28.12
- manufacture of hydrostatic transmissions, see 28.12
- manufacture of (electromagnetic) clutches, see 29.31
- manufacture of sub-assemblies of power transmission equipment identifiable as parts of vehicles or
aircraft, see divisions 29 and 30

28.2 Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery

28.21 Manufacture of ovens, furnaces and furnace burners

This class includes:
- manufacture of electrical and other industrial and laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators
- manufacture of burners
- manufacture of permanently mounted electric space heaters, electric swimming pool heaters
- manufacture of permanently mounted non-electric household heating equipment, such as solar heating,
steam heating, oil heat and similar furnaces and heating equipment
- manufacture of electric household-type furnaces (electric forced air furnaces, heat pumps, etc.), non-electric household forced air furnaces

This class also includes:
- manufacture of mechanical stokers, grates, ash dischargers etc.

This class excludes:
- manufacture of household ovens, see 27.51
- manufacture of agricultural dryers, see 28.93
- manufacture of bakery ovens, see 28.93
- manufacture of dryers for wood, paper pulp, paper or paperboard, see 28.99
- manufacture of medical, surgical or laboratory sterilisers, see 32.50
- manufacture of (dental) laboratory furnaces, see 32.50

28.22 Manufacture of lifting and handling equipment

This class includes:
- manufacture of hand-operated or power-driven lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery:
• pulley tackle and hoists, winches, capstans and jacks
• derricks, cranes, mobile lifting frames, straddle carriers etc.
• works trucks, whether or not fitted with lifting or handling equipment, whether or not self-propelled, of the
type used in factories (including hand trucks and wheelbarrows)
• mechanical manipulators and industrial robots specifically designed for lifting, handling, loading or
unloading
- manufacture of conveyors, teleferics etc.
- manufacture of lifts, escalators and moving walkways
- manufacture of parts specialised for lifting and handling equipment

This class excludes:
- manufacture of industrial robots for multiple uses, see 28.99
- manufacture of continuous-action elevators and conveyors for underground use, see 28.92
- manufacture of mechanical shovels, excavators and shovel loaders, see 28.92
- manufacture of floating cranes, railway cranes, crane-lorries, see 30.11, 30.20
- installation of lifts and elevators, see 43.29

28.23 Manufacture of office machinery and equipment (except computers and peripheral equipment)

This class includes:
- manufacture of calculating machines
- manufacture of adding machines, cash registers
- manufacture of calculators, electronic or not
- manufacture of postage meters, mail handling machines (envelope stuffing, sealing and addressing
machinery; opening, sorting, scanning), collating machinery
- manufacture of typewriters
- manufacture of stenography machines
- manufacture of office-type binding equipment (i.e. plastic or tape binding)
- manufacture of cheque writing machines
- manufacture of coin counting and coin wrapping machinery
- manufacture of pencil sharpeners
- manufacture of staplers and staple removers
- manufacture of voting machines
- manufacture of tape dispensers
- manufacture of hole punches
- manufacture of cash registers, mechanically operated
- manufacture of photocopy machines
- manufacture of toner cartridges
- manufacture of blackboards; white boards and marker boards
- manufacture of dictating machines

This class excludes:
- manufacture of computers and peripheral equipment, see 26.20

28.24 Manufacture of power-driven hand tools

This class includes:
- manufacture of hand tools, with self-contained electric or non-electric motor or pneumatic drive, such as:
• circular or reciprocating saws
• chain saws
• drills and hammer drills
• hand held power sanders
• pneumatic nailers
• buffers
• routers
• grinders
• staplers
• pneumatic rivet guns
• planers
• shears and nibblers
• impact wrenches
• powder actuated nailers

This class excludes:
- manufacture of interchangeable tools for hand tools, see 25.73
- manufacture of electrical hand held soldering and welding equipment, see 27.90

28.25 Manufacture of non-domestic cooling and ventilation equipment

This class includes:
- manufacture of refrigerating or freezing industrial equipment, including assemblies of components
- manufacture of air-conditioning machines, including for motor vehicles
- manufacture of non-domestic fans
- manufacture of heat exchangers
- manufacture of machinery for liquefying air or gas
- manufacture of attic ventilation fans (gable fans, roof ventilators, etc.)

This class excludes:
- manufacture of domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment, see 27.51
- manufacture of domestic fans, see 27.51

28.29 Manufacture of other general-purpose machinery n.e.c.

This class includes:
- manufacture of weighing machinery (other than sensitive laboratory balances):
• household and shop scales, platform scales, scales for continuous weighing, weighbridges, weights etc.
- manufacture of filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids
- manufacture of equipment for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders:
• spray guns, fire extinguishers, sandblasting machines, steam cleaning machines etc.
- manufacture of packing and wrapping machinery:
• filling, closing, sealing, capsuling or labelling machines etc.
- manufacture of machinery for cleaning or drying bottles and for aerating beverages
- manufacture of distilling or rectifying plant for petroleum refineries, chemical industries, beverage
industries etc.
- manufacture of gas generators
- manufacture of calendaring or other rolling machines and cylinders thereof (except for metal and glass)
- manufacture of centrifuges (except cream separators, laboratory centrifuges and clothes dryers)
- manufacture of gaskets and similar joints made of a combination of materials or layers of the same
material
- manufacture of automatic goods vending machines
- manufacture of levels, tape measures and similar hand tools, machinists' precision tools (except optical)
- manufacture of non-electrical welding and soldering equipment
- manufacture of cooling towers and similar for direct cooling by means of re-circulated water

This class excludes:
- manufacture of sensitive (laboratory-type) balances, see 26.51
- manufacture of domestic refrigerating or freezing equipment, see 27.51
- manufacture of domestic fans, see 27.51
- manufacture of electrical welding and soldering equipment, see 27.90
- manufacture of agricultural spraying machinery, see 28.30
- manufacture of metal or glass rolling machinery and cylinders thereof, see 28.91, 28.99
- manufacture of agricultural dryers, see 28.93
- manufacture of machinery for filtering or purifying food, see 28.93
- manufacture of cream separators, see 28.93
- manufacture of commercial clothes dryers, see 28.94
- manufacture of textile printing machinery, see 28.94
- manufacture of laboratory centrifuges, see 32.50

28.3 Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery

28.30 Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery

28.30/1 Manufacture of agricultural tractors


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of tractors used in agriculture and forestry
- manufacture of walking (pedestrian-controlled) tractors

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of road tractors for semi-trailers, see 29.10

28.30/2 Manufacture of agricultural and forestry machinery (other than agricultural tractors)


This subclass includes:
 - manufacture of mowers, including lawnmowers
- manufacture of agricultural self-loading or self-unloading trailers or semi-trailers
- manufacture of agricultural machinery for soil preparation, planting or fertilizing:
• ploughs, manure spreaders, seeders, harrows etc.
- manufacture of harvesting or threshing machinery:
• harvesters, threshers, sorters etc.
- manufacture of milking machines
- manufacture of spraying machinery for agricultural use
- manufacture of diverse agricultural machinery:
• poultry-keeping machinery, bee-keeping machinery, equipment for preparing fodder etc.
• machines for cleaning, sorting or grading eggs, fruit etc.

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of non-power-driven agricultural hand tools, see 25.73
- manufacture of conveyors for farm use, see 28.22
- manufacture of power-driven hand tools, see 28.24
- manufacture of cream separators, see 28.93
- manufacture of machinery to clean, sort or grade seed, grain or dried leguminous vegetables, see 28.93
- manufacture of road trailers or semi-trailers, see 29.20

28.4 Manufacture of metal forming machinery and machine tools

This group includes the manufacture of metal forming machinery and machine tools, e.g. manufacture of
machine tools for working metals and other materials (wood, bone, stone, hard rubber, hard plastics, cold
glass etc.), including those using a laser beam, ultrasonic waves, plasma arc, magnetic pulse etc.

28.41 Manufacture of metal forming machinery

This class includes:
- manufacture of machine tools for working metals, including those using a laser beam, ultrasonic waves,
plasma arc, magnetic pulse etc.
- manufacture of machine tools for turning, drilling, milling, shaping, planing, boring, grinding etc.
- manufacture of stamping or pressing machine tools
- manufacture of punch presses, hydraulic presses, hydraulic brakes, drop hammers, forging machines etc.
- manufacture of draw-benches, thread rollers or machines for working wires

This class excludes:
- manufacture of interchangeable tools, see 25.73
- manufacture of electrical welding and soldering machines, see 27.90

28.49 Manufacture of other machine tools

This class includes:
- manufacture of machine tools for working wood, bone, stone, hard rubber, hard plastics, cold glass etc.,
including those using a laser beam, ultrasonic waves, plasma arc, magnetic pulse etc.
- manufacture of work holders for machine tools
- manufacture of dividing heads and other special attachments for machine tools
- manufacture of stationary machines for nailing, stapling, glueing or otherwise assembling wood, cork,
bone, hard rubber or plastics etc.
- manufacture of stationary rotary or rotary percussion drills, filing machines, riveters, sheet metal cutters
etc.
- manufacture of presses for the manufacture of particle board and the like
- manufacture of electroplating machinery

This class also includes:
- manufacture of parts and accessories for the machine tools listed

This class excludes:
- manufacture of interchangeable tools for machine tools (drills, punches, dies, taps, milling cutters,
turning tools, saw blades, cutting knives etc.), see 25.73
- manufacture of electric hand held soldering irons and soldering guns, see 27.90
- manufacture of power-driven hand tools, see 28.24
- manufacture of machinery used in metal mills or foundries, see 28.91
- manufacture of machinery for mining and quarrying, see 28.92

28.9 Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery

This group includes the manufacture of special-purpose machinery, i.e. machinery for exclusive use in a specific industry or a small cluster of specific industries. While most of these are used in other manufacturing processes, such as food manufacturing or textile manufacturing, this group also includes the manufacture of machinery specific for other (non-manufacturing industries), such as aircraft launching gear or amusement park equipment.

28.91 Manufacture of machinery for metallurgy

This class includes:
- manufacture of machines and equipment for handling hot metals:
• converters, ingot moulds, ladles, casting machines
- manufacture of metal-rolling mills and rolls for such mills

This class excludes:
- manufacture of draw-benches, see 28.41
- manufacture of moulding boxes and moulds (except ingot moulds), see 25.73
- manufacture of machines for forming foundry moulds, see 28.99

28.92 Manufacture of machinery for mining, quarrying and construction

28.92/1 Manufacture of machinery for mining


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of continuous-action elevators and conveyors for underground use
- manufacture of boring, cutting, sinking and tunnelling machinery (whether or not for underground use)
- manufacture of machinery for treating minerals by screening, sorting, separating, washing, crushing etc.
- manufacture of track laying tractors and tractors used in mining

This subclass excludes:
- manufacture of lifting and handling equipment, see 28.22
- manufacture of other tractors, see 28.30, 29.10
- manufacture of machine tools for working stone, including machines for splitting or clearing stone, see
28.49
- manufacture of concrete-mixer lorries, see 29.10     

28.92/2 Manufacture of earthmoving equipment


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of earth-moving machinery:
• bulldozers, angle-dozers, graders, scrapers, levellers, mechanical shovels, shovel loaders etc.    
- manufacture of bulldozer and angle-dozer blades
- manufacture of off-road dumping trucks

28.92/3 Manufacture of equipment for concrete crushing and screening roadworks


This subclass includes:
- manufacture of concrete and mortar mixers
- manufacture of pile-drivers and pile-extractors, mortar spreaders, bitumen spreaders, concrete surfacing
machinery etc.
- manufacture of track laying tractors and tractors used in construction

28.93 Manufacture of machinery for food, beverage and tobacco processing

This class includes:
- manufacture of agricultural dryers
- manufacture of machinery for the dairy industry:
• cream separators
• milk processing machinery (e.g. homogenisers)
• milk converting machinery (e.g. butter churns, butter workers and moulding machines)
• cheese-making machines (e.g. homogenisers, moulders, presses) etc.
- manufacture of machinery for the grain milling industry:
• machinery to clean, sort or grade seeds, grain or dried leguminous vegetables (winnowers, sieving
belts, separators, grain brushing machines etc.)
• machinery to produce flour and meal etc. (grinding mills, feeders, sifters, bran cleaners, blenders, rice
hullers, pea splitters)
- manufacture of presses, crushers etc. used to make wine, cider, fruit juices etc.
- manufacture of machinery for the bakery industry or for making macaroni, spaghetti or similar products:
• bakery ovens, dough mixers, dough-dividers, moulders, slicers, cake depositing machines etc.
- manufacture of machines and equipment to process diverse foods:
• machinery to make confectionery, cocoa or chocolate; to manufacture sugar; for breweries; to process
meat or poultry, to prepare fruit, nuts or vegetables; to prepare fish, shellfish or other seafood
• machinery for filtering and purifying
• other machinery for the industrial preparation or manufacture of food or drink
- manufacture of machinery for the extraction or preparation of animal or vegetable fats or oils
- manufacture of machinery for the preparation of tobacco and for the making of cigarettes or cigars, or
for pipe or chewing tobacco or snuff
- manufacture of machinery for the preparation of food in hotels and restaurants

This class excludes:
- manufacture of food and milk irradiation equipment, see 26.60
- manufacture of packing, wrapping and weighing machinery, see 28.29
- manufacture of cleaning, sorting or grading machinery for eggs, fruit or other crops (except seeds,
grains and dried leguminous vegetables), see 28.30

28.94 Manufacture of machinery for textile, apparel and leather production

This class includes:
- manufacture of textile machinery:
• machines for preparing, producing, extruding, drawing, texturing or cutting man-made textile fibres,
materials or yarns
• machines for preparing textile fibres: cotton gins, bale breakers, garnetters, cotton spreaders, wool
scourers, wool carbonisers, combs, carders, roving frames etc.
• spinning machines
• machines for preparing textile yarns: reelers, warpers and related machines
• weaving machines (looms), including hand looms
• knitting machines
• machines for making knotted net, tulle, lace, braid etc.
- manufacture of auxiliary machines or equipment for textile machinery:
• dobbies, jacquards, automatic stop motions, shuttle changing mechanisms, spindles and spindle flyers
etc.
- manufacture of textile printing machinery
- manufacture of machinery for fabric processing:
• machinery for washing, bleaching, dyeing, dressing, finishing, coating or impregnating textile fabrics
• manufacture of machines for reeling, unreeling, folding, cutting or pinking textile fabrics
- manufacture of laundry machinery:
• ironing machines, including fusing presses
• commercial washing and drying machines
• dry-cleaning machines
- manufacture of sewing machines, sewing machine heads and sewing machine needles (whether or not
for household use)
- manufacture of machines for producing or finishing felt or non-wovens
- manufacture of leather machines:
• machinery for preparing, tanning or working hides, skins or leather
• machinery for making or repairing footwear or other articles of hides, skins, leather or fur skins

This class excludes:
- manufacture of paper or paperboard cards for use on jacquard machines, see 17.29
- manufacture of domestic washing and drying machines, see 27.51
- manufacture of calendaring machines, see 28.29
- manufacture of machines used in bookbinding, see 28.99

28.95 Manufacture of machinery for paper and paperboard production

This class includes:
- manufacture of machinery for making paper pulp
- manufacture of paper and paperboard making machinery
- manufacture of machinery producing articles of paper or paperboard

28.96 Manufacture of plastics and rubber machinery

This class includes:
- manufacture of machinery for working soft rubber or plastics or for the manufacture of products of these
materials:
• extruders, moulders, pneumatic tyre making or retreading machines and other machines for making a
specific rubber or plastic product

28.99 Manufacture of other special-purpose machinery n.e.c.

This class includes the manufacture of special-purpose machinery not elsewhere classified.

This class includes:
- manufacture of dryers for wood, paper pulp, paper or paperboard and other materials (except for agricultural products and textiles)
- manufacture of printing and bookbinding machines and machines for activities supporting printing on a
variety of materials
- manufacture of machinery for producing tiles, bricks, shaped ceramic pastes, pipes, graphite electrodes,
blackboard chalk etc.
- manufacture of semi-conductor manufacturing machinery
- manufacture of industrial robots performing multiple tasks for special purposes
- manufacture of diverse special purpose machinery and equipment:
• machines to assemble electric or electronic lamps, tubes (valves) or bulbs
• machines for production or hot-working of glass or glassware, glass fibre or yarn
• machinery or apparatus for isotopic separation
- manufacture of tyre alignment and balancing equipment; balancing equipment (except wheel balancing)
- manufacture of central greasing systems
- manufacture of aircraft launching gear, aircraft carrier catapults and related equipment
- manufacture of tanning beds
- manufacture of automatic bowling alley equipment (e.g. pin-setters)
- manufacture of roundabouts, swings, shooting galleries and other fairground amusements

This class excludes:
- manufacture of wheel balancing equipment, see 26.51
- manufacture of household appliances, see 27.5
- manufacture of photocopy machines etc., see 28.23
- manufacture of machinery or equipment to work hard rubber, hard plastics or cold glass, see 28.49
- manufacture of ingot moulds, see 28.91

 

For all queries related to this Chapter or any other aspect of SIC Codes, please contact the Office of National Statistics on 01329 444970 or email classifications.helpdesk@ons.gov.uk.